COASTAL OCEAN MODELING ACROSS LENGTH SCALES: FROM ESTUARINE CIRCULATION TO BOUNDARY CURRENTS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
From the shoreline to the continental slope, numerical models of coastal physics provide forecasts of storm impacts, inform environmental policy, and drive key processes in climate predictions. The coastal zone is a highly dynamic region characterized by tides, buoyancy-driven flow, bathymetric steering, upwelling, and boundary currents. This complex mix of competing forces has necessitated the development of increasingly advanced realistic numerical models. Realistic models can be used to analyze ocean physics in ways that would not be possible with observational data alone. The first two chapters investigate water mass exchange between Narragansett Bay and Rhode Island Sound using current meters and regional models. The first chapter focuses on a single hurricane event which led to an intrusion of cold shelf water into the bay. Not only is this the first study to examine storm-driven residual transports in Narragansett Bay, but it also advances the broader literature on estuarine storm response by addressing the questions of local versus non-local wind forcing as well as the importance of baroclinic effects. Results show that local winds drive most of the exchange flow but non-local winds drive most of the storm surge. Additionally, baroclinic effects were necessary to establish realistic vertical shear, despite strong winds vertically mixing the water column. Chapter 2 looks at estuary-shelf exchange more broadly under a range of wind and tide conditions. Our improved calculations of Narragansett Bay exchange flow are at least two times larger than previous estimates and suggest that offshore inputs are a larger source of nitrogen in the bay than previously reported. The addition of a simulated dye to track shelf water nutrients reveals substantial variations in the dye concentration of the inflow. We find that southward winds drive the strongest exchange flow but that eastward winds drive shelf upwelling which increases the concentration of dye/nutrients entering the bay. Chapter 3 looks to the future of climate modeling with a new variable-resolution global ocean model which can resolve small-scale coastal processes that would be too computationally expensive for traditional models. We find that enhancing resolution in a band around the coast of North America improves representation of eastern boundary upwelling but creates unrealistic Gulf Stream behavior. We show that the Gulf Stream gets trapped in the enhanced resolution region and impinges on the Labrador Current which prevents deepwater formation, leading to a dramatic weakening in the thermohaline circulation. We provide recommendations on how to change the
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".