Blast behavior of columns built with high-strength concrete and Grade 690 MPa high-strength reinforcement
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As part of this study a series of columns built with high-strength concrete and Grade 690 MPa high-strength reinforcement are tested under blast loads using a shock-tube. The performance of the columns is compared to a control set of specimens built with Grade 400 MPa reinforcement. In addition to the effects of concrete and steel type, the effects of longitudinal steel ratio and seismic detailing are also investigated. The results show that concrete strength has limited effects on blast behavior. Conversely, use of high-strength bars significantly enhances column blast performance by reducing displacements and increasing blast resistance, with an ability to reduce the required amount of steel reinforcement. The results further demonstrate that increasing the longitudinal steel ratio and seismic detailing improve the blast behavior of columns built with conventional and high-strength bars. As part of the analytical study the blast response of the columns is predicted using nonlinear single degree of freedom analysis and finite element modelling.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".