Ground Potentials in Transformerless Grid-Connected Multi-Level Power Electronic Converters
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper aims to develop models for the ground potentials in transformerless grid-connected multi-level power electronic converters (PECs). These PECs are widely used in photovoltaic systems, motor drives, and solid-state power transformers, where they offer reduced input and output harmonic distortions. The desired models for ground potentials are constructed based on common-mode voltages across each leg of the multi-level PECs. The constructed models for ground potentials are to be used for creating local grounding, along with designing adequate grounding circuits for transformerless grid-connected multi-level PECs. An adequate local grounding (for transformerless grid connected PEC) ensures blocking ground currents from flowing through the host grid grounding, and guarantees eliminating ground potentials. The developed models and grounding circuits are evaluated for transformerless grid-connected diode-clamped, flying-capacitor, and cascaded H-bridge multi-level PECs under different operating conditions. Test results demonstrate the significant advantages of the adequate grounding of transformerless grid-connected PECs, in terms of reduced input and output harmonic distortion, minimized ground potentials, and improved efficiency.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".