A comparison of test manoeuvres for determining rearward amplification of articulated heavy vehicles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rearward amplification (RA) is an effective indicator of lateral stability for multi-trailer articulated heavy vehicles (MTAHVs). The International Organization for Standardization released the test manoeuvres, ISO-14791, for determining the indicator for MTAHVs. ISO-14791 recommends three methods, including two time-domain and one frequency-domain, to derive the RA measures. It was reported that the results from the three methods were not in good agreement. To explore this inconsistency among these methods, a multiple cycle sine-wave steering input (MCSSI) manoeuvre was simulated to obtain steady-state responses of MTAHVs. Furthermore, an automated frequency response method (AFRM) was used to derive the measures in the frequency-domain. This paper presents simulation results based on an A-Train Double. Results demonstrate that the steady-state RA measures under a MCSSI manoeuvre are in excellent agreement with those from frequency-domain methods. It is revealed that driver's steering behaviours impose a non-negligible impact on the transient RA measures of MTAHVs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".