Effects of Adding Forced Near-Inertial Motion to a Wind-Driven Channel Flow
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract An eddy-resolving primitive equation ocean model is used to examine energy transfers between frequency bands. Steady wind forcing is used to drive a geostrophic channel to which high-frequency winds are added. This excites near-inertial motion, which exerts a Reynolds stress on the slowly varying flow and acts to transfer kinetic energy between low and high frequencies. These transfers extract balanced energy primarily from the mesoscale. A frequency analysis of the transfers shows the bulk of the energy to be extracted from an intermediate range of frequencies that are large relative to the dominant kinetic energy–containing frequencies and small relative to the spectral gap separating high- and low-frequency bands. This phenomenon is robust and is found in systems spanning two orders of magnitude of kinetic energy. Direct calculation of potential energy transfers proved more difficult but nonetheless shows a similar low-to-high frequency transfer. For the parameter range considered, the ratio of potential-to-kinetic energy transfers is slightly larger than unity, and as such is consistent with balanced energy being extracted from horizontal scales that are somewhat larger than the relevant deformation radius.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".