La fiscalité du vice : le système de licence pour vente d’alcool au Québec et au Bas-Canada, discours et pratiques (1764-1840)*
Bibliographic record
Abstract
L’alcool est un luxe, l’ivrognerie est un vice et la fiscalité moderne dépend des deux. Taxer ce qui est considéré comme un vice et un luxe demeure l’avenue privilégiée afin d’asseoir un revenu sans brusquer les esprits. En termes économiques, la demande pour l’alcool dans les sociétés traditionnelles est inélastique alors que seuls les rituels communautaires la limitent. Le rhum demeure un luxe qui se retrouve dans les plus humbles chaumières et dans les plus petits hameaux. Or, l’État mercantiliste profite davantage d’une demande élastique qu’inélastique, c’est-à-dire d’une culture individualiste limitée uniquement par le prix et l’offre. Les tavernes et son système d’encadrement fiscal participent à cette transformation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".