Donor‐dependent aging of young and old red blood cell subpopulations: Metabolic and functional heterogeneity
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Characteristics of red blood cells (RBCs) are influenced by donor variability. This study assessed quality and metabolomic variables of RBC subpopulations of varied biologic age in red blood cell concentrates (RCCs) from male and female donors to evaluate their contribution to the storage lesion. Study Design and Methods Red blood cell concentrates from healthy male (n = 6) and female (n = 4) donors were Percoll separated into less dense (“young”, Y‐RCCs) and dense (“old”, O‐RCCs) subpopulations, which were assessed weekly for 28 days for changes in hemolysis, mean cell volume (MCV), hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), hemoglobin autofluorescence (HGB), morphology index (MI), oxygen affinity (p50), rigidity, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), calcium ([Ca 2+ ]), and mass spectrometry–based metabolomics. Results Young RCCs having disc‐to‐discoid morphology showed higher MCV and MI, but lower MCHC, HGB, and rigidity than O‐RCCs, having discoid‐to‐spheroid shape. By Day 14, Y‐RCCs retained lower hemolysis and rigidity and higher p50 compared to O‐RCCs. Donor sex analyses indicated that females had higher MCV, HGB, ROS, and [Ca 2+ ] and lower hemolysis than male RBCs, in addition to having a decreased rate of change in hemolysis by Day 28. Metabolic profiling indicated a significant sex‐related signature across all groups with increased markers of high membrane lipid remodeling and antioxidant capacity in Y‐RCCs, whereas O‐RCCs had increased markers of oxidative stress and decreased coping capability. Conclusion The structural, functional, and metabolic dissimilarities of Y‐RCCs and O‐RCCs from female and male donors demonstrate RCC heterogeneity, where RBCs from females contribute less to the storage lesion and age slower than males.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it