A meta‐analysis of gas bubble trauma in fish
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Total dissolved gas (TDG) supersaturation generated by dams is known to cause gas bubble trauma (GBT) and mortality in fish, but despite many studies on the topic, there have been no recent attempts to systematically review the data. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to determine how different levels of TDG supersaturation in laboratory experiments impact mortality and GBT outcomes of freshwater fishes. We also examined all TDG laboratory studies on freshwater fish to identify research gaps in the GBT literature. Factors that improved the linear mixed‐effects models and Cox proportional hazards models of the relationship between TDG supersaturation and time to 50% mortality, time to 10% mortality, time to the appearance of bubbles in the gills and time to external GBT symptoms include depth, temperature, oxygen‐to‐nitrogen ratios, species, body mass, the interaction between TDG and depth and author group for one or more of the models of the relationship between TDG and GBT outcomes. Of the 99 GBT studies we found in our search, 74% quantified mortality outcomes, with limited assessment of quantitative behavioural, histological and performance outcomes. Moreover, the majority of studies were conducted on salmonids. We therefore recommend additional studies on non‐salmonid species to enhance our understanding of the mechanisms of GBT and community effects with use of more diverse sublethal outcomes. We also recommend random subject allocation to treatments, complete reporting, consistent methods between treatments and the use of control groups (which were often lacking) for more rigorous experimental designs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".