The <i>Cool Runnings</i> Effect: Flexible Citizenship, the Global South, and Transcultural Republics at the Winter Olympic Games
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As a pinnacle event in the global sporting calendar, the Summer Olympics have long been a site of flexible citizenship, whereby athletes sell their talents to the highest bidder. This trend in athlete labour migration has created transcultural national teams and threatened the legitimacy of the nation-state within the international sporting system. However, this trend has received little to no attention within the Winter Olympic context, in which the ‘athlete-mercenaries’ tend to flow from the Global North to represent nations in the Global South. This new transcultural representation has not yielded Olympic success, rather narratives of inclusion and participation. Although these Winter Olympic newcomers are considered ‘exotic oddities,’ they raise similar questions about nationhood and citizenship that their summertime counterparts do, albeit in the increasingly geopolitical context of the Global South. Flexible citizenship is an extension of the athlete migration trends that have become synonymous with globalization and economic liberalization and will remain a factor in international sport exchanges as long as the foundational unit of the system is the nation-state.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".