Enrichment Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes during Endosperm Grouting Periods in Non-waxy and Waxy Foxtail Millets
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The content of amylose and amylopectin is an important trait affecting cooking and eating quality in millet. During process of kernel grouting, the synthesis of starch involves different pathways and components in non-waxy and waxy millets. Immature grouting grains of waxy millet ‘Gonggu68’ and non-waxy millet ‘Chigu4’ (grouting period 1 and 5 days) were used to analyze their transcriptome sequences by using Illumina Hiseq4000. The results showed that: (1) GBSSⅠ enzymes activity of waxy and non-waxy millet was low-high-low. There were some differences between the two activities. 665 upregulated differentially expressed genes were screened on day 5 and day 1 during grouting period in waxy cultivar ‘Gonggu68’, there were 431 more upregulated genes than downregulated genes. There were 97 more up-regulated genes than down-regulated genes in non-waxy cultivar ‘Chigu4’ on day 5 and day 1 in grouting period. (2) In the A 2 -VS-A 1 waxy comparison group, the differential genes were mainly GO enriched in 7 functions such as the seed oil body biogenic function, 17-β-ketosteroid reductase activity function and so on. it was mainly enriched in biological processes and molecular functions. In the B 2 -VS-B 1 non-waxy comparison group, the differential genes were mainly GO enriched in 8 functions such as the light capturing function and the pigment binding function in the light system I for non-waxy millet. (3) Differentially expressed genes were mainly KEGG enriched in caffeine metabolism pathway, linoleic acid metabolism pathway, anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, aflatoxin biosynthesis pathway in waxy A 2 -VS-A 1 , but which were mainly KEGG enriched in the synergy-antenna protein pathway, the linoleic acid metabolic pathway, the caffeine metabolic pathway, the brassinosteroid biopathway in non-waxy B 2 -VS-B 1 . These two comparative groups were enriched Caffeine metabolism pathway and linoleic acid metabolism pathway appeared in the process. (4) Three ( SSII-3 , PHO1 , AS ) and four ( PHO1-1 , AS , AGP16 , WAXY ) genes with significant differences and related to waxy and non-waxy millet were screened. With Actin (Si001873) as the internal reference gene, the above seven differentially expressed genes were verified by qRT-PCR, which was consistent with the transcriptome results, indicating that the differentially expressed genes were related to waxy or non-waxy endosperm.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".