Gravitational waves from dark sectors, oscillating inflatons, and mass boosted dark matter
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Gravitational wave signatures from dynamical scalar field configurations provide a compelling observational window on the early universe. Here we identify intriguing connections between dark matter and scalars fields that emit gravitational waves, either through a first order phase transition or oscillating after inflation. To study gravitational waves from first order phase transitions, we investigate a simplified model consisting of a heavy scalar coupled to a vector and fermion field. We then compute gravitational wave spectra sourced by inflaton field configurations oscillating after E-Model and T-Model inflation. Some of these gravitational wave signatures can be uncovered by the future Big Bang Observatory, although in general we find that MHz-GHz frequency gravitational wave sensitivity will be critical for discovering the heaviest dark sectors. Intriguingly, we find that scalars undergoing phase transitions, along with E-Model and T-Model potentials, can impel a late-time dark matter mass boost and generate up to Planck mass dark matter. For phase transitions and oscillating inflatons, the largest dark matter mass boosts correspond to higher amplitude stochastic gravitational wave backgrounds.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".