A population‐based comparison of treatment patterns, resource utilization, and costs by cancer stage for Ontario patients with triple‐negative breast cancer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: There have been few publications exploring the characteristics, treatment pathways, and health-care costs by stage in patients with a triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) phenotype. METHODS: Data from a publicly funded health-care system in Ontario were assessed. Baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and health-care costs were descriptively compared by cancer stage (I-III vs IV) for adult women diagnosed with invasive TNBC between 2012 and 2016. Resource use was multiplied by unit costs for publicly funded health-care services to calculate health system-related costs. RESULTS: A total of 3271 cases were identified, 3081 with stage I-III and 190 with stage IV TNBC. Baseline characteristics were aligned with previous reports. Surgery was the most common treatment among patients with stage I-III disease (n = 2979, 96.7%); 557 (18.7%) received neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) and 1974 (66.3%) received adjuvant therapy (AT), the latter at a median of 44 days postsurgery, and 2446 (79.4%) in the stage I-III cohort received radiation. Treatment for metastatic TNBC included surgery in 48 (25.3%), systemic therapy in 138 (72.6%), and radiotherapy in 112 (58.9%) patients. Top drug regimens included anthracyclines/taxanes. Annual per-patient health care costs were four times higher for stage IV vs. stage I-III TNBC. CONCLUSION: Per-patient costs were higher in metastatic TNBC, despite a less frequent use of all treatment modalities compared to early TNBC. Treatment patterns were aligned with the options available at the time; however, neoadjuvant treatment rates were low.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".