Rational Design of Cell Configurations for High-Performance Na-O<sub>2</sub> Batteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Growing environmental concerns and continuously surging demand for energy have stimulated extensive interests in exploring advanced energy storage systems. Na-O 2 batteries have recently attracted an extensive amount of attention due to their high theoretical energy density, which is 6-9 folds higher than that of the conventional Li-ion batteries [1] . Moreover, the high round-trip energy efficiency, as well as the natural abundance and low cost of sodium resources make Na-O 2 batteries promising for large-scale application [2] . However, the practical application of Na-O 2 batteries has been hindered by their poor cycling performance [3] . Parasitic reactions and continuous consumption of the metallic Na anode caused by O 2 /O 2 - crossover are one of the main causes of Na-O 2 battery failure [4] . Except for the Na degradation, the implementation of metallic Na anode in Na-O 2 battery is associated with dendrite formation [5] . To address these issues, we successfully designed novel Na-O 2 cell configurations. Firstly, a novel Na-O 2 cell using electrically connected carbon paper (CP) with Na metal as a protected anode is developed. The CP demonstrates great effectiveness in addressing the fatal issue of cell short circuit by facilitating the dense Na deposition within the 3D CP skeleton. On the other hand, the CP acts as a protective layer to alleviate the Na corrosion caused by O 2 /O 2 - crossover. Consequently, a significantly enhanced Na-O 2 cell cycling performance with a low charge overpotential can be achieved. Since the diffusion of O 2 /O 2 - from the cathode to anode mainly through the electrolyte, and a physical barrier to retain the O 2 /O 2 - on the cathode side would also be effective. Therefore, for the first time, we successfully developed a hybrid solid-electrolyte Na-O 2 battery based on solid-state electrolyte (SSE) and a protected Na anode. The dense structure of SSE effectively suppressed the O 2 /O 2 - crossing over, which simultaneously mitigate the Na corrosion and decrease the reversible capacity loss. More importantly, the SSE is chemical stable against the O 2 - radical, benefiting to achieving high-performance Na-O 2 batteries with high capacities and long cycle lives. In conclusion, the importance of addressing issues of Na dendrite growth and O 2 /O 2 - crossover were presented. Although more future work is needed to make Na-O 2 battery system commercially viable, the strategies developed here provide guidance to achieve Na-O 2 cells with longer lifespans and better cycling performance. Reference [1] H. Yadegari, et al., Advanced Materials, 28 (2016) 7065-7093. [2] X. Li, et al. Carbon Energy, 2019, 1:141-164. [3] X. Lin, et al. Chemistry of Materials, 2020, 32, 7, 3018-3027. [4] S. Wu, et al. Advanced Functional Materials, 2018, 28, 1706374. [5] X. Bi, et al., Chemical Communications, 51 (2015) 7665-7668.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".