Bauxite residue as an iron‐based catalyst for catalytic cracking of naphthalene, a model compound for gasification tar
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract An iron‐based catalyst from bauxite residue (aka BR and red mud) was developed for removing biomass gasification tar. Its performance was investigated with naphthalene as the model tar compound. This was achieved by measuring the catalytic naphthalene conversion at five space velocities and at four temperatures in the 500°C to 800°C range, both in a N 2 environment and in 13 vol% H 2 with the balance N 2 for 14 hours to determine the long‐term performance. The physical and chemical characteristics of the catalyst were studied prior to and after exposure to naphthalene to track the evolution of the catalyst as a result of the chemical reaction. In addition, the effects of calcination temperature and reduction with H 2 on the surface characteristics were investigated. The bauxite residue catalyst was shown to be significantly active for naphthalene cracking, with its activity comparable to that of an industrial Ni catalyst. Activity measurements over 14 hours of testing showed that the catalyst activity decreased from 98% to 65% naphthalene conversion with time as a result of catalyst deactivation when tested in a N 2 reaction environment. In the presence of 13 vol% H 2 ; however, the activity maintained >95% conversion for the entire duration of the experiment.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it