Cobalt-Free Core-Shell Structure with High Specific Capacity and Long Cycle Life as an Alternative to Li[Ni<sub>0.8</sub>Mn<sub>0.1</sub>Co<sub>0.1</sub>]O<sub>2</sub>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Reduction of the Co content in Ni-rich positive electrode materials is an intense research area of great interest. Despite high specific capacity, Co-free Ni-rich materials normally suffer from poor cycling performance. In this work, a Co-free precursor with a 16 μm Ni(OH)2 core and 1 μm Ni0.8Mn0.2(OH)2 shell was reacted with LiOH · H2O at 750 °C (CS-750) or 800 °C (CS-800). CS-750 was found to retain the well-defined core–shell structure after heating, while CS-800 became homogeneous in composition due to Ni/Mn interdiffusion at the higher temperature. Although both of materials exhibit higher specific capacity than LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) the charge-discharge capacity retention shows a dramatic difference. The cycling performance of CS-750 is equivalent to NMC811 samples, whereas CS-800 experiences significant capacity fade, suggesting the importance of a core–shell structure for Ni-rich materials with no Co. The electrical resistivity of CS-750 and CS-800 materials are comparable to NCA and are slightly lower than single crystal NMC811 suggesting that Co may not be essential to maintain good electrical properties. The authors believe CS-750 and related materials represent excellent Co-free options for high energy density Li-ion cells.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".