Determinants of Profitability in Micro-enterprises Incorporated by Migrants in“Mercardo Artesanal”, Guayaquil-Ecuador
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The main objective of the study was to examine the effects on profitability of socioeconomic factors and business management skills of migrant micro-entrepreneurs. Our results are based on 162 surveys conducted with migrant businesspeople at Mercado Artesanal, in Guayaquil-Ecuador, between February 18-22, 2020. We applied a modified composite index developed in 2016 by Bell for evaluating entrepreneurial skills of Otavaleño migrants, who own micro-enterprises at Mercado Artesanal. We found that over 81% of the microfirms operated by migrants in the examined marketplace are profitable. Differences in profitability between migrant and resident micro-entrepreneurs are also discussed. Like prior study findings our results suggest that migrant micro-entrepreneurs show greater business performance compared to local businessmen. In addition, a straightforward profitability index, SPI, was calculated for assessing the determinants of profitability of local and migrant micro-entrepreneurs. Authors believe that the proposed index should be useful mainly for micro-enterprises and market sellers, where the customary measurement methods cannot be applied.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".