A Demonstration of a Voltage-Controlled Inductor in a <i>D</i>-Band Colpitts Third-Harmonic-Extracted Injection-Locked Oscillator
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A millimeter-wave (mm-wave) voltage-controlled inductor (VCI) that is based on a series inductor-capacitor tank and that achieves large ratios of maximum to minimum inductance is proposed. For demonstration, a VCI with an inductance ratio of 4 is employed in a 22-nm CMOS silicon on insulator (SOI) Colpitts third-order-harmonic-extracted injection-locked (IL) oscillator (ILO) operating from 112.5 to 135 GHz. The ILO dc power consumption is 13 mW with a 1.2-V supply but is reduced to 5.6 mW with a 0.8-V supply when a 2-V back-gate voltage is applied. Due to the proposed VCI, the core of the mm-wave ILO occupies only 0.018 mm2, the tunable operating range is ≥16%, and the added phase noise (PN) (~10 dB) is close to the theoretical prediction (20log(3) dB).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".