Influence of Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders on the Risk of Development of Alcohol Dependence by Genetic Variations of <i>ALDH2</i> and <i>ADH1B</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Inactive aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) is a well-known deterrent to the development of alcohol use disorder (AUD), and however, some individuals with inactive ALDH2 do go on to develop AUD. These alcoholics are likely to have strong risk factors for the development of this disorder. Using a model of alcoholics with inactive ALDH2 (the AIA model), we investigated the unique characteristics of alcoholics with inactive ALDH2 in an attempt to identify the risk factors for AUD. In this study, we focused on comorbid psychiatric and personality disorders as potential risk factors for AUD. METHODS: The subjects were 103 male alcoholics with inactive ALDH2 (AIAs), 87 age- and ADH1B genotype-matched alcoholics with active ALDH2 (AAAs) and 200 age-matched healthy men. The alcoholics were divided into 4 subgroups according to their ALDH2 and ADH1B genotypes (inactive ALDH2 vs. active ALDH2, usual ADH1B vs. superactive ADH1B). To assess the participants' comorbid psychiatric disorders, we conducted semi-structured interviews using the Japanese translation of SSAGA version 2. We compared the prevalence of comorbid psychiatric and personality disorders among groups with different combinations of the ALDH2 and ADH1B genotypes. RESULTS: The prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was significantly higher in the AIAs with usual ADH1B than in the other 3 subgroups of alcoholics. In contrast, the prevalence rates of agoraphobia and panic disorder were significantly lower in the AIAs with superactive ADH1B than in the other 3 subgroups of alcoholics. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggested that (i) ADHD is a risk factor for AUD, consistent with previous reports; (ii) agoraphobia and panic disorder may have deterrent effects against the development of AUD in individuals with inactive ALDH2, probably attributable to the similarity between the symptoms of agoraphobia and panic disorder and the adverse reactions to consumption of alcohol in subjects with inactive ALDH2.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".