Passive Third-, Fourth-, and Fifth-Order Reconfigurable D-Band Frequency Multipliers Based on Switched-Capacitor Varactors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Shunt switched-capacitor varactors (SCVs) are proposed to replace MOS varactors in millimeter-wave (mm-wave) parametric circuits, and a reconfigurable frequency multiplier (RFM) is presented to demonstrate the advantages of the SCVs. The SCVs are shown to achieve ratios of maximum to minimum capacitance exceeding 20, which corresponds to ~10× improvement relative to mm-wave or terahertz (THz) MOS varactors. A single circuit topology based on both SCV pairs and novel C-V shapes is presented and acts as a ×3, ×4, and ×5 RFM. A similar RFM is also designed using MOS varactors for comparison with the SCV-based RFM. Improvements of 11.4, 6.6, and 7.9 dB in minimum conversion loss, and 3.3%, 90%, and 400% in relative bandwidth are achieved respectively with the SCV-based RFM, demonstrating the potential of SCVs to significantly improve the performance of mm-wave and THz parametric circuits.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".