Passive Third-, Fourth-, and Fifth-Order Reconfigurable D-Band Frequency Multipliers Based on Switched-Capacitor Varactors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Shunt switched-capacitor varactors (SCVs) are proposed to replace MOS varactors in millimeter-wave (mm-wave) parametric circuits, and a reconfigurable frequency multiplier (RFM) is presented to demonstrate the advantages of the SCVs. The SCVs are shown to achieve ratios of maximum to minimum capacitance exceeding 20, which corresponds to ~10× improvement relative to mm-wave or terahertz (THz) MOS varactors. A single circuit topology based on both SCV pairs and novel C-V shapes is presented and acts as a ×3, ×4, and ×5 RFM. A similar RFM is also designed using MOS varactors for comparison with the SCV-based RFM. Improvements of 11.4, 6.6, and 7.9 dB in minimum conversion loss, and 3.3%, 90%, and 400% in relative bandwidth are achieved respectively with the SCV-based RFM, demonstrating the potential of SCVs to significantly improve the performance of mm-wave and THz parametric circuits.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".