Classical magnetic vortex liquid and large thermal Hall conductivity in frustrated magnets with bond-dependent interactions
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Recently, the observation of large thermal Hall conductivities in correlated insulators with no apparent broken symmetry has generated immense interest and debates on the underlying ground states. Here, considering frustrated magnets with bond-dependent interactions, which are realized in the so-called Kitaev materials, we theoretically demonstrate that a large thermal Hall conductivity can originate from a classical ground state without any magnetic order. We discover a liquid state of magnetic vortices, which are inhomogeneous spin textures embedded in the background of polarized spins, under out-of-plane magnetic fields. In the classical regime, different configurations of vortices form an effectively degenerate manifold. We study the static and dynamical properties of the magnetic vortex liquid state at zero and finite temperatures. In particular, we show that the spin excitation spectrum resembles a continuum of nearly flat Chern bands, which ultimately leads to a large thermal Hall conductivity. Possible connections to experiments are discussed.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it