Experimental Study of a Novel Caisson Based Thermal Energy Storage System for Ground Source Heat Pumps
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To avoid the catastrophic results of climate change, a major shift towards clean, sustainable and renewable energy technologies is inevitable.Since buildings are capable of on-site thermal energy generation and exhibiting predictive patterns of heating and cooling, many attempts are currently underway to incorporate more renewable energy (e.g., geothermal heating and cooling) systems in buildings.Subsurface geothermal resources represent a great potential for direct use of energy; put another way, the planet is a six sextillion (10 21 ) metric ton battery that is continually being replenished by solar radiation, lightning, and heat from its deep-down molten core.Despite the enormous energy potential, geothermal systems are not adopted widely due to three main reasons: high drilling costs, energy imbalance in the ground, and lack of drilling space.To address these challenges, a novel foundation-based geothermal heat exchanger system incorporating phase change material (PCM) has been designed.The proposed technology, utilizing caisson foundation, reduces the construction and installation costs by integrating energy and structural systems together into a single ground installation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".