Yielding of cellulose nanocrystal suspensions in the presence of electrolytes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The rheological properties and yielding behavior of 1 wt. % aqueous sulfonated cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) in the presence of monovalent (Na+) ions have been investigated. The introduction of more than 20 mM NaCl to the system causes aggregation of neutralized CNCs and leads to the formation of self-similar clusters, which grow in size until they form a three-dimensional network. In the present work, we report a comprehensive study of nonlinear rheology and yielding behavior of CNC/salt gels in steady shear and oscillatory experiments. Two yield stresses have been determined. The first yield stress at low shear rates is attributed to the disconnected CNC clusters as a result of bond breakage. The second yield point occurs at higher shear rates, and it is related to the deformation of clusters, where individual nanorods are nearly separated and dispersed. The existence of these two yield stresses has been identified in both steady-shear scans (high to low and low to high) as well as oscillatory experiments, resulting in consistent results.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".