Yielding of cellulose nanocrystal suspensions in the presence of electrolytes
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The rheological properties and yielding behavior of 1 wt. % aqueous sulfonated cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) in the presence of monovalent (Na+) ions have been investigated. The introduction of more than 20 mM NaCl to the system causes aggregation of neutralized CNCs and leads to the formation of self-similar clusters, which grow in size until they form a three-dimensional network. In the present work, we report a comprehensive study of nonlinear rheology and yielding behavior of CNC/salt gels in steady shear and oscillatory experiments. Two yield stresses have been determined. The first yield stress at low shear rates is attributed to the disconnected CNC clusters as a result of bond breakage. The second yield point occurs at higher shear rates, and it is related to the deformation of clusters, where individual nanorods are nearly separated and dispersed. The existence of these two yield stresses has been identified in both steady-shear scans (high to low and low to high) as well as oscillatory experiments, resulting in consistent results.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it