Effects of High-Dose X-Ray Irradiation on the Hole Lifetime in Vacuum-Deposited Stabilized a-Se Photoconductive Films: Implications to the Quality Control of a-Se Used in X-Ray Detectors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Stabilized amorphous selenium (a-Se)-based digital flat-panel X-ray imaging detectors are widely used in modern mammography. The dependence of the hole lifetime, τ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">h</sub> , in a-Se on high-dose X-ray irradiation under high electric fields is examined. The X-ray-induced effects on the samples were studied using conventional time-of-flight (TOF) and interrupted-field time-of-flight (IFTOF) techniques. The samples were placed under a high electric field (5-10 V/μm) and exposed to X-ray irradiation, after which TOF and IFTOF measurements were taken to find the hole drift mobility and lifetime after X-ray exposure. There was no observed change in the hole drift mobility but there was a large drop in the hole lifetime. The reduction in the hole lifetime depended only on the total or accumulated dose and the applied field. There was no dependence on the dose rate, over a range of 0.12-2.5 Gy/s, or on the X-ray photon energy, over a range of 50-90 keVp (corresponding to a mean photon energy of 31.9-44.7 keV). The implications of these findings can be seen through the calculation of the charge collection efficiency (CCE). The results show that the effects of X-ray irradiation on a-Se X-ray detectors are considerable when the detector is under an applied field during exposure, but are minimized when the operating field is high (corresponding to a high CCE) and the a-Se is of high-quality electronic grade material.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".