An Adaptive Nonsingular Terminal Sliding Mode Control for Bidirectional DC–DC Converter in Hybrid Energy Storage Systems
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In order to improve transient response and robust tracking performance, an adaptive nonsingular terminal sliding mode control (ANTSMC) strategy is developed for bidirectional dc–dc converter (BDC) of hybrid energy storage systems (HESSs). By using the adaptive rules, the estimated values of load variations, external input voltage, input current, and output voltage can be obtained. Then, the voltage tracking error can be calculated based on the estimated value and the actual value. The fast terminal SMC strategy is proposed such that the tracking error converges in a finite time. Simulation results, compared with conventional PID, second-order sliding mode, show that output voltage can robustly track the reference voltage with fast response.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it