High-Resolution Paleosalinity Reconstruction From Laguna de la Leche, North Coastal Cuba, Using Sr, O, and C Isotopes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Isotopes of Sr, O, and C were studied from a 227-cm long sediment core in order to develop a high-resolution paleosalinity record to investigate the paleohydrology of Laguna de la Leche, north coastal Cuba, during the Middle to Late Holocene. Palynological, plant macrofossil, foraminiferal, ostracode, gastropod, and charophyte data from predominantly euryhaline taxa, coupled with a radiocarbon-based chronology, indicate that the wetland evolved through four phases: (1) an oligohaline (0.5–5‰) lake existed from ∼ 6200 to ∼ 4800 cal yr B.P.; (2) water level in the lake increased and the system freshened from ∼ 4800 to ∼ 4200 cal yr B.P.; (3) a mesohaline (5–18‰) lagoon replaced the lake ∼ 4200 cal yr B.P.; and (4) mangroves enclosed the lagoon beginning ∼ 1700 cal yr B.P., forming a mesohaline lake. Isotopic ratios were measured on specimens of the euryhaline foraminifer Ammonia beccarii, although several measurements were also made on other calcareous microfossils in order to identify potential taphonomic and/or vital effects. The 87Sr/86Sr results show that the average salinity of Laguna de la Leche was ∼ 1.7‰ during the early lake phase and ∼ 8‰ during the lagoon phase — a change driven by relative sea level rise. The δ18O results do not record the salinity increase seen in the 87Sr/86Sr data, but instead indicate high evaporation from the lake surface; this in turn suggests that the value of ∼ 1.7‰ may slightly underestimate the average salinity of the wetland, at least for the period prior to ∼ 4800 cal yr B.P. Variability in δ13C was controlled by plant productivity, episodic marine incursions, and vegetation community change. There is some evidence for seasonal effect and the lateral transport of microfossils prior to burial. The isotopic data independently confirm the hydrological interpretations made using the euryhaline indicators and have permitted the reconstruction of a significantly higher resolution paleosalinity record than would be possible using the paleoecological data. However, our results show that Sr isotopes, while often cited as a powerful paleosalinity tool, must be used in conjunction with other indicators when investigating paleosalinity trends; relying solely on any single isotopic or ecological indicator can lead to inaccurate results, especially in semi-enclosed and closed hydrological systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".