Dielectric Spectroscopy of Fluids and Polymers for Microwave Microfluidic Circuits and Antennas
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The permittivity response from 0.5 to 40 GHz of ethyl acetate (C4H8O2), ethylene glycol (CH2OH)2, castor oil (C57H104O9), liquid paraffin, and other fluids commonly used for microwave microfluidic antennas and circuits is reported. The response of selected polymer solids, such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), acrylic, nylon, and others, used in microfluidics and 3-D printing of microwave structures was also studied from 0.5 to 20 GHz. Permittivity measurements were taken with a coaxial probe. Using a nonlinear least-squares fitting routine, the Cole-Cole dielectric relaxation model parameters are found for each material under test, thereby providing an analytic expression for their permittivity response.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".