EFFECTIVENESS OF EXTRACORPOREAL SHOCK WAVE THERAPY TO TREAT PRIMARY MEDIAL KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS WITH AND WITHOUT BONE MARROW EDEMA IN ELDERLY PATIENTS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiographic effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave therapy to treat primary medial knee osteoarthritis with and without bone marrow edema in elderly patients. Materials and Method: Elderly patients with right knee osteoarthritis and bone marrow edema confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging were allocated to the first group (n=40), whereas patients without bone marrow edema were randomly allocated to either the second (n=40) or third (n=40) groups. The patients were treated twice weekly with a total of 10 sessions of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (Groups 1 and 2) or were left untreated with sham extracorporeal shock wave (Group 3). Results: The comparison of the patients’ Visual Analogue Scale, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index and Lequesne scores before treatment and at 6 months and 1 year after treatment revealed significant score reductions in the first and second groups (p<0.05). One year after treatment, the medial joint space was preserved in Groups 1 and 2 (p<0.05), whereas the medial joint width protection was more prominent in Group 1 (p<0.05) than in Groups 2 and 3. Conclusion: In elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis, extracorporeal shock wave therapy led to functional and radiologic improvements and pain relief without substantial complications. The improvement remained at the 1 year follow-up and was higher in patients with bone marrow edema. Further studies are required to investigate its potential as a diseasemodifying physical agent, particularly for treating elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis with bone marrow edema. Keywords: Aged; Osteoarthritis, knee; Extracorporeal shock wave therapy
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".