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Record W3087004639

ЮСМКА ЯК НОВИЙ ЕТАП ПІВНІЧНОАМЕРИКАНСЬКОЇ ІНТЕГРАЦІЇ

2019· article· uk· W3087004639 on OpenAlex
Т. Є. Богданова

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueThe Scientific Issues of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University Series pedagogy · 2019
Typearticle
Languageuk
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicGlobal Political and Economic Relations
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsProtectionismInternational tradeRatificationFree trade agreementLegislatureSalaryFree tradeValue (mathematics)Trade agreementTrade barrierOrder (exchange)EconomicsBusinessPolitical scienceInternational economicsPoliticsLawFinanceMarket economy
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The United States – Mexico – Canada Agreement (USMCA) was signed on November 30, 2018 and aims to replace and modernize the North-American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The current paper notes that since the beginning of the Trump administration’s work in 2017, the U.S. foreign policy has undergone profound changes that affect the development of international trade and the global economy. The USMCA is the first result of the American protectionist economic strategy on the world stage. The NAFTA has numerous problems caused by the opposite business interests of the participating countries enterprises and the general changes in the global economic situation. It is found that, even before 2017, Trump has called NAFTA “the worst trade deal in the U.S. history”. Thus, the review of the agreement has become a priority of the American foreign trade policy. It is forecasted that the USMCA will take effect in 2019, after ratification by the legislative assembly of the three membercountries. The agreement fixes that the so-called “North American content” in the cost of cars will be increased to 75 %; 40 % of the North American cars’ value will be produced by the workers with an hourly salary of at least $16; 70 % of steel and aluminum used in the car production will be exported by the United States. Thus, it is determined that the U.S. can achieve the greatest advantage from the USMCA. The paper summarizes the following benefits of the reached agreement. Firstly, the USMCA is setting the highest standards in the field of free trade. Secondly, the United States has managed to consolidate its economic periphery for years to come. Thirdly, the U.S. sends an unambiguous signal about the intention to negotiate with other countries even in the harder manner than with Canada and Mexico. The author concludes that President Trump has proved the ability of American protectionism to dictate the free trade conditions. Thus, the USMCA becomes the first significant step in the global game of the Washington administration, aimed at revision of the formed trade and economic world order.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Science and technology studies, Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesScience and technology studies, Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.912
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.001
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0020.005
Scholarly communication0.0000.002
Open science0.0030.001
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0130.005

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.072
GPT teacher head0.349
Teacher spread0.277 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it