Cycling into the future: Assessing attitudes towards e-bikes in a mid-sized, sprawled Canadian city
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cycling offers an alternative to carbon-intensive transportation, yet cycling rates in North America remain relatively low. Electric bicycles offer a low-barrier entry to cycling that have the potential to encourage a transition to more sustainable and healthy transportation modes. This research aims to fill a gap in research on e-bike use and adoption in a Canadian context. A survey was conducted to assess openness and attitudes to e-biking for transportation in Nanaimo, BC. Interviews with e-bike retailers were conducted to determine what trends can already be seen in Nanaimo. The results from the survey and interviews indicate a high level of interest in e-bikes by non-cyclists, but barriers such as cost and risk of theft may prevent pursuit of e-biking. Interview results suggest that e-bikes are gaining in popularity in Nanaimo, predominantly by older adults for recreational purposes, but also with younger adults who are interested in e-biking for transportation. Policy recommendations to encourage e-cycling are described at the end of the document.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".