Safety and Efficacy of Intra-Articular 20 mg/2 ml Hyaluronic Acid Injection for the Non-Operative Palliation Treatment of Osteoarthritis of the Knee Joint
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY In this study it is aimed to prospectively evaluate the safety and efficacy of 20 mg/2 ml Hyaluronic Acid (HA) injections for non-operative palliation treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee joint. MATERIAL AND METHODS After institutional review board approval was obtained for the study, 63 patients were enrolled and followed prospectively. All the patients have signed informed consent form. Patients who had diagnosis of gonarthrosis according to clinical and radiological evaluation, were given nonsteroid antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) treatment for four weeks. Patients between 55-80 years old in both sexes, whose pain did not relieve were included to the study and were followed up for 6 months. They were applied HA injections in total; three times with one week of interval. Patients were evaluated three times during the study. First one at third week (at the control visit of third injection), secondly at third month and lastly at sixth month. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) and Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) scores were used to clinically evaluate the patients at follow ups. RESULTS 56 (88.9%) patients completed the study and 7 (11.1%) patients did not show up for follow-up examinations and they were excluded. The mean age of the patients was 63.6 ± 6.90 (range 47 and 76) years old. 22 (39.2%) of the patients were male and 34 (60.7%) were female. Any adverse events and adverse effects were not seen in the enrolled patients group. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study revealed that the use of 20 mg/2 ml HA injection was effective in improving the WOMAC index score in patients of knee OA. Additionally, patients' quality of life as measured by SF-36 questionnaire was also significantly improved at the end of the study. None of the patient reported any of the adverse events during the study. Overall, the 20 mg/2 ml HA injection can be considered as a good treatment option for the knee OA in patients who do not respond to non-pharmacological therapy, NSAIDs or analgesics. Key words: osteoarthritis, hyaluronic acid, injection, non-operative.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".