Big Planets, Little Stars: Directly Imaged Companions To Young M-Stars
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: We present new results from our search for directly imaged planets and brown dwarfs around 200 young (10-150 Myr) M-stars in the L-band (3.8 microns). The new vector vortex coronagraph on Keck/NIRC2 allows us to find companions as close as 80 milliarcsecond, which enables our survey to be sensitive to young planets with masses between 1-10 Jupiter masses and with projected separations between 1-10 au. The initial survey is complete and follow-up observations of 40 candidate companions are planned for 2018. While transit and radial velocity detection techniques have probed giant planet populations at close separations (within a few au), this survey will determine the occurrence rate of giant planets around small stars at larger separations. We will also be sensitive to brown dwarf companions, allowing us to identify new multiple systems of low mass stars. Our results demonstrates the potential to explore the planet occurrence rate and multiplicity of nearby low-mass objects at young ages.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".