The anodic formation of sulfide and oxide films on copper in borate-buffered aqueous chloride solutions containing sulfide
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The formation of sulfide and oxide films on copper has been studied in sulfide solutions containing chloride and buffered to pH = 9 with borate over the temperature range 20 °C to 80 °C. The primary goal was to investigate the susceptibility of copper to pitting corrosion over a range of temperatures expected in a deep geological repository. Films were formed electrochemically and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray and Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). Chalcocite (Cu2S) formation was observed to occur under partially transport-controlled conditions in the potential range −0.9 V to −0.3 V vs SCE. At less negative potentials (≥ −0.3 V vs SCE), a transition from active dissolution to partial passivation by a copper oxide film was observed. Temperature had only a minor effect on the formation of the sulfide film, but the onset of active dissolution and oxide film formation shifted to lower potentials as the temperature increased.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".