Microfluidics for Measuring Solubility and Diffusion Coefficient of Solvent in Bitumen
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this thesis, a microfluidic approach is developed to determine both the solubility and diffusivity of propane in the Athabasca bitumen at a range of reservoir-relevant pressures and temperatures. The presented microfluidic approach offers advantages over the conventional methods including fast quantification, small volume requirement, and ease of operation at high temperatures and pressures. The fabricated glass-silicon microfluidic chip contains a Pressure â Volume â Temperature (PVT) microchannel with full temperature and pressure control, connected to both solvent and bitumen supply. The cross-sectional area of the bitumen supply channel was only 2.5% that of the cell, approximating a closed PVT system. One-dimensional oil swelling due to solvent diffusion was captured consecutively using fluorescence microscopy and the solvent solubility and diffusion coefficient were then determined through image analysis and established mathematical models. The final results are in strong agreement with the available published data obtained by conventional methods.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".