Towards energy transition: conjoint assessment of large-scale PV system performance and interconnection impacts in isolated microgrid
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Environmental, energy security and electricity demand concerns stimulate solar-grid integration. However, intermittent, non-dispatchable PV characteristics may challenge passive grid operation. This paper contains the comprehensive planning and assessment of a 2 MWp CdTe-based PV system deployment proposed for hybrid operation in an isolated 11 kV 10-bus microgrid in Brunei. The presented approach combinedly assesses PV system performance and scenario-based interconnection impacts based on a detailed PV system model considering deployment conditions. Various interconnection points with multiple sets of feeder-specific measured load profiles are examined. Results show the PV system designed for maximum annual generation achieves performance ratio of 90.6%. While time-series power flow assessment reveals grid operation enhancement, there are concerns at times of generation-demand mismatch requiring proper genset sequencing and reactive power management. Meanwhile, faster relay operating time and reverse fault current are demonstrated in existing protection scheme. Dynamic grid stabilities are preserved in various generation intermittency and loss events, including the most challenging condition of further inertia and spinning reserve reduction reaching a frequency of 96.02%. Finally, optimal interconnection point fulfilling multi-objectives on losses, voltage profile and line reserve capacity is identified. The findings indicate a good prospect of the synergy for advancing energy transition. The analysis could facilitate RE planning and policymaking.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".