The Thermal-Oxidation Behavior of Pristine and Doped Magnéli Phase Titanium Oxides
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Magnéli phase titanium oxides (Ti n O 2 n –1 , 4 ≤ n ≤ 10) are promising alternatives to carbon-based materials in aqueous electrochemical technologies, but their passivation during operation remains an important challenge to address. To elucidate the mechanism for their oxidation and investigate the influence of doping on their oxidation stability, the thermal-oxidation behavior in air of Ti 4 O 7 doped with V, Cr, Fe, and Ga was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. V-doping and Fe-doping improved the thermal stability of Ti 4 O 7 as evidenced by higher onset temperatures in their thermograms. Three-dimensional diffusion reaction models adequately describe the solid-state kinetics of thermal oxidation of Ti 4 O 7 in air as demonstrated by linear model-fitting. Doping shows a mixed influence on the kinetics for thermal oxidation in air reducing both the Arrhenius pre-exponential factor and the activation energy. Cr-doping significantly shortens the lifetime of Ti 4 O 7 in ambient conditions as determined by kinetic predictions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".