Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract. The influence of Saharan dust outbreaks on summertime Atlantic tropical cyclone (TC) activity is explored using continuous atmospheric reanalysis products and TC track data from 1980 to 2019. Analyses reveal that the Saharan dust plume over the tropical Atlantic can affect TC activity by affecting the atmospheric hydrology and radiation absorbed by the earth's surface, which can be classified into three mechanisms. (1) A strong Saharan dust plume indirectly induces the reduction of atmospheric moisture, which further suppresses TC track, number of TC days, and intensity, with the influence covering the whole tropical Atlantic. (2) A strong Saharan dust plume enhances atmospheric moisture just along the North Atlantic ITCZ through the dust microphysical effect, which further promotes TC activity along 10º N latitude in June. (3) The climatological influence of dust on TC activity is caused by the strong radiative forcing of Saharan dust over the eastern tropical Atlantic in June, which produces an evident reduction in SST and lessens the duration and intensity of regional TC activity in June, according to the 40-yr average from 1980 to 2019.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".