Unexpected long-range transport of glyoxal and formaldehydeobserved from the Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite duringthe 2018 Canadian wildfires
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract. Glyoxal (CHO.CHO) and formaldehyde (HCHO) are intermediate products in the oxidation of the majority of volatile organic compounds (VOC). CHO.CHO is also a precursor of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation in the atmosphere. These VOCs are released from biogenic, anthropogenic, and pyrogenic sources. CHO.CHO and HCHO tropospheric lifetimes are short during the daytime and at mid-latitudes (few hours), as they are rapidly removed from the atmosphere by their photolysis, oxidation by OH, and uptake on particles/deposition. During nighttime or at high latitudes, lifetime can be prolonged to many hours or even days. Previous studies demonstrated that CHO.CHO and HCHO can be retrieved from space-borne observations using the DOAS method. In this study, we present CHO.CHO and HCHO columns retrieved from measurements of the TROPOMI instrument, launched recently on the Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) platform in October 2017. Strongly elevated amounts of CHO.CHO and HCHO are observed during the fire season in British Columbia Canada, where a large number of fires occurred in August 2018. CHO.CHO and HCHO plumes from individual fire hot-spots are observed in air masses travelling over distances of up to 1500 km, i.e. much longer than expected for the short atmospheric lifetime of CHO.CHO and HCHO. However, the temporal evolution of the plume differs for both species. Comparison with Lagrangian-based FLEXPART simulations for particles with different lifetimes shows that effective lifetimes of 20 hours and more are needed to explain the observations, indicating that CHO.CHO and HCHO are either efficiently recycled during transport or, continuously formed from the oxidation of longer-lived precursors present in the plume.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".