Evaluation by Hybrid Simulation of Earthquake-Damaged RC Walls Repaired for In-Plane Bending with Single-Sided CFRP Sheets
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The realistic seismic response of two damaged reinforced concrete (RC) shear walls repaired using externally bonded carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets was evaluated using hybrid simulation. The CFRP repair used horizontal and vertical CFRP layers applied to a single side of the wall that were anchored with a steel tube anchor system and CFRP fan anchors. The objective of the CFRP repair was to restore the initial stiffness and restore or increase the strength, ductility, and energy dissipation capacity of the damaged walls. Hybrid simulation was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the repair strategy under real earthquake ground motion records with realistic boundary conditions, including the effects of axial load, shear force, and overturning moment. The results show that the single-sided application of the CFRP sheets restored the seismic performance of the damaged RC shear walls tested in this study. Hybrid simulation is shown to be an efficient test method to experimentally study the seismic response of a structural component with realistic boundary conditions over a range of earthquake hazard levels.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".