“CALENDAR CONFLICTS” WITHIN THE UKRAINIAN GREEK-CATHOLIC COMMUNITY IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA IN 1950-1960
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The article covers the “calendar conflicts” on the parishes of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (Ukrainian Catholic Church) in the United States and Canada in the 1950s and 1960s, which led to the creation of parallel “old calendar” parishes in Chicago, Cleveland, Philadelphia and Washington. The arrival and adaptation of the post-war wave of Ukrainian immigrants to life in the United States and Canada were accompanied by a series of conflicts with representatives of the “old” emigration, including in the religious sphere. The desire to overcome disorientation in the new environment and to slow down the process of assimilation prompted representatives of the third wave of emigration to maximize the preservation and exacerbation of those elements of the religious tradition that would, on the one hand, more closely associated them with their homeland and, on the other, separated them from their surrounding culture. This approach did not always coincide with the desires of the descendants of previous waves of immigrants and the leadership of the UGCC in these countries, which sought a more in-depth adaptation of church life to local culture. As a result, the third wave of the Ukrainian emigration developed a phenomenon of the diasporic religion inherent for the first generations of immigrants in general, and which comprises the formation of such a religious environment (the “old” calendar became one of its elements), institutions and discourse that would connect newly arrived immigrants to their homeland and keep them from assimilation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.023 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".