Towards Management of Residual Limb Volume: Monitoring the Prosthetic Interface Pressure to Detect Volume Fluctuations—A Feasibility Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
(1) Motivation: Variations in the volume of the residual limb negatively impact various aspects of prosthesis use including the prosthetic socket fit. Although volume adjustment systems mitigate corresponding fit problems to some extent, some users still find the management of these systems challenging. With the ultimate goal of creating a feedback system that assists users with the management of their volume adjustment systems, this study demonstrates the feasibility of detecting variations in the volume of the residual limb. (2) Methods: Measurements of the interface force at the bottom of the prosthetic socket were used as indicators of variations in the volume of the residual limb. Force sensitive resistors (FSRs) were placed at the bottom of participants’ prosthetic sockets to monitor the interface limb–socket force as participants walked on a flat surface. Two phases of experiments were carried out: The first phase considered variations simulated by three prosthetic sock plies, established the feasibility of detecting variations in the volume of the limb based on the interface force, and further determined the locations at which the interface force could be used to detect variations in the limb’s volume. Having validated the effectiveness of the proposed method in the first phase, the second phase was carried out to determine the smallest detectable variation of the limb’s volume using the proposed method. In this phase, variations simulated by one and two prosthetic sock plies were considered. Four and three volunteers with transtibial amputations participated in the first and the second phases, respectively. (3) Results: Results of the first phase showed that an increase in the volume of the limb resulted in a decrease in the force measured at the distal location of the prosthetic sockets of all participants; however, the smallest detected variation could not be statistically confirmed.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".