Properties of Bio-pitch and Its Wettability on Coke
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bio-pitch, driven from biomass, is a potential green alternative of coal-tar-pitch in the production of carbon anodes for the aluminum electrolysis process. Information on the wetting capacity of bio-pitch on the surface of the coke particle is of great interest in assessing its possible use as a renewable and environment-friendly binder. In this study, the wettability of various bio-pitches and one reference coal-tar-pitch on the same type of coke was investigated at a temperature of 178 °C using a sessile-drop setup. Bio-oil, the parental material of the bio-pitch, was produced by commercial pyrolysis from woody biomass. Postpyrolysis treatment was run to synthesize 10 different pitch samples from bio-oil, i.e., bio-pitches. Various techniques were used to analyze the physical and chemical characteristics of the bio-pitch samples and their interactions with coke. It was shown that the wettability of bio-pitch is highly influenced by its viscosity, surface tension, surface chemical functional groups, amount of quinoline insoluble, and molecular weight distribution.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".