Workplace violence in the health sector: An assessment of prevalence and pattern
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Workplace violence has gained significant attention over the last few decades. Violence against health care workers is a complex and persistent occupational hazard facing the health profession and constitutes almost a quarter of all violence at work. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence and pattern of workplace violence among Healthcare workers in Tertiary Health facilities in Benin - City, Nigeria with a view to making recommendations that will enhance the safety of the healthcare workers and improve patient care. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among healthcare workers in tertiary healthcare facilities in Benin City. Benin City is the capital of Edo State, Nigeria. Edo State is in the South-South geo-political zone of Nigeria and is the country's central gateway to the North, East, and West. Respondents were selected using the stratified sampling technique. Data was collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire adapted from the International Labour Organization/World Health Organization joint programme on workplace violence in the health sector confidential survey. Data analysis was carried out using IBM SPSS version 22.0 software. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 386 healthcare workers, with a mean age (SD) of 33.9 ± 6.0 years and male: female ratio of 1:1.7 participated in the study. Physical, verbal, sexual and emotional violence were suffered by 285 (73.8%), 267 (69.2%), 133 (34.5%) and 104 (26.9%) respectively in the workplace. Overall, majority, 323 (83.7%) of respondents had experienced workplace violence. Being female, single and nursing profession were significantly associated with workplace violence (p < 0.001). Conclusions The prevalence of workplace violence was high among the studied group. Interventions focusing on the fundamental role of prevention in effectively combating violence at work is recommended. Key messages Violence against health care workers is an occupational hazard facing the health profession and constitutes almost a quarter of all violence at work. Prevalence of workplace violence was high among the studied group. The most common pattern of workplace violence was physical violence.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.028 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".