Leveraging natural-language requirements for deriving better acceptance criteria from models
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In many software and systems development projects, analysts specify requirements using a combination of modeling and natural language (NL). In such situations, systematic acceptance testing poses a challenge because defining the acceptance criteria (AC) to be met by the system under test has to account not only for the information in the (requirements) model but also that in the NL requirements. In other words, neither models nor NL requirements per se provide a complete picture of the information content relevant to AC. Our work in this paper is prompted by the observation that a reconciliation of the information content in NL requirements and models is necessary for obtaining precise AC. We perform such reconciliation by devising an approach that automatically extracts AC-related information from NL requirements and helps modelers enrich their model with the extracted information. An existing AC derivation technique is then applied to the model that has now been enriched by the information extracted from NL requirements.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".