Near-field imaging of dipole emission modulated by an optical grating
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Attosecond measurements have been achieved in technically demanding pump-probe experiments by photoelectron streaking with stable infrared lasers and extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) instruments. Here, we demonstrate an efficient single-image all-optical measurement of an isolated attosecond pulse for its complete temporal characterization. We create the attosecond pulse with a 0.1-mJ, few-cycle, infrared pump beam and modulate it with an obliquely incident same-frequency weak beam. By refocusing the XUV beams, we obtain a spectrally resolved XUV image, showing the spectral phase of the attosecond pulse. Near-field imaging allows us to measure our pulse in 150 shots. This efficiency will be important for attosecond pulses in the water-window region. For complex systems, multi-electron dynamics is encoded in the temporal structure of attosecond pulses.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it