Electrocatalysts based on Ru nanoparticles : effect of methanol on the ORR Tafel slope
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) are promising candidates in systems that require small-sized power sources such as non-stationary electronic equipment and transportation. However, the scientific and technical challenges of PEMFC which include diminution of catalytic charges, catalyst substitution, membrane development, optimization of bipolar plates and a global cost decrease require further study. A strategic approach that will help with the diffusion and assimilation of the PEMFC technology involves the use of fuel other than hydrogen in cells such as methanol. However, the use of methanol in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) presents further challenges including slow kinetics in both anodic and cathodic reactions, and fuel crossover due to exchange membrane alcohol permeability, meaning a lower global efficiency of DMFC as compared with the hydrogen fuel cell. This article provided a contribution to the synthesis and characterization of novel catalytic materials research for DMFC. A series of materials based on ruthenium (Ru) nanoparticles were produced and catalytically studied in a multielectron charge transfer process. These materials are electroactive for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in acid medium and methanol tolerant as well. The Ru nanoparticles and some binary and ternary mixtures with platinum (Pt) and cobalt (Co) were obtained by a pyrolysis procedure of solid precursors at 190 degrees Celsius. Physiochemical characterization was conducted by using a scanning electronic microscopy and energy dispersion spectroscopy mapping. Kinetic parameters of the cathodic reaction in a 0.5M sulfuric acid solution at different methanol concentrations were compared using electrochemical characterization with cyclic voltammetry and rotating disc electrodes. It was concluded that methanol has a major effect on the ORR electrocatalytic activity on binary Ru-Pt materials with a higher Pt proportion. In addition, the methanol effect on the Tafel slope could suggest that alcohol is an important influence as an inhibitor in the adsorption steps of the oxygen reduction mechanism. 24 refs., 1 tab., 5 figs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".