Development of performance limit states for concrete bridge piers with high strength concrete and high strength steel reinforcement
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Current design codes and guidelines do not permit reinforcing the plastic hinge region of bridge piers using high strength steel (HSS) rebars. This is due to the lack of adequate research on the seismic response of HSS reinforced bridge piers. The objective of this study is to develop analytical expressions for predicting the drift at the onset of different performance limit states for high strength concrete (HSC) bridge pier reinforced with HSS reinforcement. Utilizing damage data obtained from incremental dynamic analysis of HSC circular bridge piers reinforced with HSS, this study developed drift ratio relationship accounting for the aspect ratio, concrete and steel material properties, axial load ratio, and reinforcement ratio, using validated finite element models. Analytical equations are developed for estimating the drift at the inception of rebar yielding, concrete spalling, and bar buckling using multivariate regression analysis. The proposed equations showed reasonable precision when corroborated against experimental results.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".