Detection of Zoonotic Protozoan Pathogens in Shellfish from Nunavut and Atlantic Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptosporidium spp. are important and prevalent foodborne parasites in Canada. Both parasites are shed in feces and surface water run-off can transport fecal pathogens into the watershed. Through filter-feeding, bivalve shellfish have been shown to contain both T. gondii and Cryptosporidium spp., posing a risk of foodborne exposure to people who consume shellfish. Clams are an important country food for the Inuit community in Iqaluit, and the oyster fishery in Prince Edward Island (PEI) is a valuable industry. While presence of Cryptosporidium spp. in clams or oysters from Iqaluit or PEI, respectively, has been previously reported, the prevalence of T. gondii and viability of parasites is unknown. By PCR, 2.1% of clams (Mya truncata, N=390) from Iqaluit contained T. gondii DNA. By PCR, 0.1% of oysters (Crassostrea virginica, N=1005) from PEI contained T. gondii DNA, and no oysters were sequence-confirmed to contain Cryptosporidium spp. DNA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".