Intergenerational Comparisons of Fathering Practices and Attitudes: A Cross-cultural study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Eighty grandfathers and fathers from United States and Korea were interviewed for this study. To identify similarities and differences between grandfathers and their grown sons` child rearing practices and attitudes, four dimensions of fathering behaviors were coded from the Sears Interview Schedule (Sears, Maccoby, & Levin, 1957): nurturance, aggression, parental rules, and discipline. American grandfather-father pairs and Korean grandfather-father pairs revealed similar results. In permissiveness regarding child aggression toward others and in strictness with parental rules, fathers reported behavior similar to their fathers. In father`s nurturance, fathers from both countries showed more enlightened and affectionate behavior than their own fathers. In severity of discipline, American grandfathers reported more severe discipline than their sons did. The findings of this study are discussed in light of modeling theory, compensatory hypothesis, and cohort hypothesis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".