Oral‐diadochokinetic rates among healthy Malaysian-Mandarin speakers: A cross linguistic comparison
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose This study examined the effects of non‐word versus real word, age, and gender on oral‐DDK rates among healthy Malaysian-Mandarin speakers. Comparison between non-word of Malaysian-Mandarin and Hebrew speakers was examined.Method One-hundred and seventeen speakers (18–83 years old, 46% men) were audio‐recorded while performing non-word (repetition of “pataka”) and real-word oral‐DDK tasks (“butter cake” and “怕他看 ([pha4tha1khan4])”). The number of syllables produced in 8 seconds was counted from the audio recording to derive the oral-DDK rates. A MANOVA was conducted to compare the rates between age groups (young = 18–40 years, n = 56; middle = 41–60 years, n = 39; older = 61–83 years, n = 22) and gender. In a second analysis, “pataka” results were compared between this study and previous findings with Hebrew speakersResult No gender effects were found. However, rates significantly decreased with age (p < 0.001). Repetition of real words was faster than that of non-words – English words (5.55 ± 1.19 syllables/s) > non‐words (5.29 ± 1.23) > Mandarin words (4.91 ± 1.13). Malaysian-Mandarin speakers performed slower than Hebrew speakers on “pataka” task.Conclusion Aging has a large impact on oromotor functions, indicating that speech-language pathologists should consider using age-adjusted norms.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".