La problématisation d’élèves du primaire impliqués dans une démarche d’apprentissage par problème dans une perspective d’enseignement des controverses
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Society faces major changes. Schools have to allow students to develop the competencies necessary to be active citizens (Albe, 2009). Dewey (1910/2004; 1916/1990) emphasizes the benefits of problem-based learning (PBL) where students need to become familiar with social issues. This study aims to document the PBL process based on a controversial issue of elementary school students to understand how they reflect. In a case study approach, students group discussions were analyzed to identify the phase of the reflective thinking (Dewey, 1910/2004) in their inquiry process. We observe that, following an iterative process, students’ reflective thinking becomes more complex. Keywords: problem-based learning, inquiry learning, controversial issue, elementary education
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.017 | 0.021 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.043 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.019 | 0.022 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.008 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.014 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".